Abstract: Thyroid cancer has become more prevalent in recent years. Patients urgently need efficient, personalized services based on an accurate assessment. The combination of artificial intelligence (AI) and traditional medical approaches can potentially improve the accuracy of medical decision-making. This review focuses on the use of AI to evaluate and predict the prognosis of thyroid cancer and aims to provide a foundation for the extraction of key information with AI to guide individualized treatment. First, we briefly introduce the concept and development of AI and the significance of precision medicine in the thyroid cancer. Second, the potential applications of AI in diagnosing thyroid cancer and predicting its prognosis are discussed. Furthermore, we analyze the opportunities and challenges of ultrasonic and pathological diagnostic and prognostic evaluation methods based on traditional pathological parameters and the gene mutation pathway model. Finally, we discuss the future research direction of AI in relation to thyroid cancer.