Objective  To investigate the expression and significance of H3K27M and Ki-67 in pediatric glioma.

  Methods  Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of H3K27M and Ki-67 in 38 patients with pediatric glioma and 10 patients with normal brain tissue, who enrolled in Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University from November 2013 to June 2018. The results were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.

  Results  The positive expression of H3K27M was not significantly correlated with gender, age, and tumor site (P>0.05). However, it was significantly correlated with the tumor pathological grade (P < 0.05). The positive expression rate of Ki-67 in pediatric glioma was 100%. The high label index of Ki-67 was not significantly correlated with gender and age (P>0.05). However, it was significantly correlated with the pathological grade and tumor site (P < 0.05). There were no significant correlations between the ptients' gender, age, and survival time (P>0.05). There were significant correlations between the tumor pathological grade, tumor location, H3K27M protein-positive, Ki-67 high label index, and patient survival time (P < 0.05).

  Conclusions  The expression level of H3K27M and Ki-67 appeared to be related to the pathological grade and prognosis of pediatric glioma. Besides, the expression of H3K27M and Ki-67 protein in glioma tissue were correlated. This could be useful for studying the occurrence and development of glioma as well as investigating potential targeted therapy options.