Abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy, yet there is no cure for MM at present. Great biological heterogeneity is observed among patients with MM, and the survival of MM patients can range from a few months to more than 15 years. Therefore, we stratified the risk levels of MM according to cytogenetic abnormalities, clinical features, gene expression profiles, and so on. Such risk stratification had important clinical value in judging disease progression, selecting treatment schemes, and evaluating disease prognosis. Among them, high-risk multiple myeloma (HRMM) is not sensitive to chemotherapy and has a poor prognosis. Therefore, improving the prognosis of HRMM has become the focus and challenge in clinical practice.