Abstract: Malignant tumors are the second leading cause of death worldwide. The traditional treatment regimens include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and biotherapy. The cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs leads to various adverse reactions; these drugs not only inhibit the rapid proliferation of tumor cells but also damage important organs. Precision targeted therapy has been developed to strengthen tumor targeting and reduce drug side effects. Nanomaterials are used as drug carriers, with the advantages of high targeting efficiency and few side effects. At the same time, targeted drugs such as the poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors nilapalil, oxalapril, and lucapali have been approved as first-line treatment and maintenance drugs in recent years. Subsequently, studies have investigated the efficacy of the combination of nanomaterials and PARP inhibitors. In recent years, foreign studies have shown that the anti-tumor effect of PARP inhibitors combined with nanomaterials against some malignant tumors is far greater than those of free drugs, but few related studies have been conducted in China. This article mainly reviews the available data on the effect of nanomaterials combined with PARP inhibitors in the treatment of malignant tumors.