Abstract: Nanomedicine holds promising potential in the tumor therapeutic field, although the characteristics of nanomaterials that are easily recognized and eliminated by the immune system considerably limit clinical applications. Inspired by natural biological systems, biomimetic drug delivery systems have attracted growing attention in recent years. Biomimetic nanoparticles assembled by natural biomaterials such as cell membranes and various synthetic nanoparticles might be promising therapeutic tools for anti-tumor drug delivery. In line with cell membrane properties, biomimetic nanoparticles display prolonged circulation and good biocompatibility. According to the different sources of natural membranes, this study reviews the research progress in biomimetic drug delivery systems in tumor treatment and the prospects for its future development.