Abstract:
Bladder cancer is a common type of tumor in the urinary system. Its incidence has been increasing and it has a high rate of recurrence. If patients with bladder cancer can be diagnosed and treated in the earliest stages, the survival rate can be improved. Current research in this area is mainly focused on NMP22, Survivin, HA-HAase, BTA, UBC, TLMA,CD44V6, L-selectin, MCM5, p27, MSI, FB/FDP, VEGF, BGA, Integrin, and centrosomes. These standard tumor markers have different sensitivities for bladder cancer of different stages or types. These markers are helpful for monitoring bladder cancer recurrence and for screening patients with irritation symptoms of the bladder and haematuria. Combinations of some of these tumor markers are valuable for the diagnosis of bladder cancer.