Abstract: Surgery is the main method in the traditional treatment for brain glioma. Postoperative radio-chemotherapy is usually conducted, but the curative effects and prognosis are unsatisfactory. Due to the application of the microneurosurgery technology and rapid development in neural navigation, neuroimaging, cerebral function imaging, and neural electrophysiologic monitoring, we can remove tumors completely and protect brain function to the utmost. However, postoperative relapse is unavoidable. At present, neuronavigator or fluorescence-guided microsurgery is frequently used, accompanied with adjuvant intra-operative gene therapy, photodynamic therapy, interstitial radiotherapy and chemotherapy, postoperative chemo-radiotherapy, gene therapy and immunotherapy to attain the optimal therapeutic effects.