Abstract: Local recurrence or distant metastasis caused by surgery or other procedures is called iatrogenic implantation or metastasis. Iatrogenic implantation may occur in pricking port-site, laparoscopic port-site, abdominal wall, perineal incision and so on. Besides malignant tumors, borderline tumors and endometriosis are also observed with iatrogenic implantation and metastasis. Tuberculation in surgical incisions or porous channels can be easily diagnosed by pathology and is often treated with surgery once it is diagnosed. To avoid or reduce iatrogenic implantation and metastasis is a basic principle in surgical treatment for tumor. In clinical procedures, we should maintain the integrity of the excision, avoid repeated puncturation, take out of tissue after it is put in the bag in laparoscopy, and carefully close the peritoneum, rectus sheath and skin. Furthermore, distilled water should be used before closing the abdominal wall. Incision in uterine cavity during myomectomy should be avoided. We review literatures on iatrogenic implantation and metastasis to help clinicians realize its importance and avoid it in their clinical practice.