Abstract: Objective : To evaluate the effect of PFL chemotherapy plus radiotherapy on advanced esophageal can-cer. Methods : A total of 108 patients with advanced esophageal squamous carcinoma were randomly divided into the concomitant radiochemotherapy group (CRCT group) and the radiotherapy group (RT group).The same method of radiotherapy was used in the two groups with conventional fractionation (2.0GY/f, 5 times a week, with a total dose of 60-66GY).The patients of the CRCT group received chemotherapy (CF 5-FU and DDP) combined with the radiotherapy. Results : All of the patients completed the treatment schedule.The short term results in the CRCT group were better than in the RT group.The response rate was 66.67% in the RT group and 81.48% in the CRCT group ( P <0.05).The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 42.59%, 25.93%, and 9.26%, respectively, in the RT group and 68.52% , 48.74%, and 25.93%, respectively, in the CRCT group.The survival rates in the CRCT group were higher than in the RT group ( P <0.05).The acute toxic ef-fects were more severe in the CRCT group ( P <0.05).There was no significant difference in late complications between the two groups ( P >0.05). Conclusion : Concurrent chemoradiotherapy can improve the survival rate of patients with advanced esophageal cancer, and it is worthy of application in clinical practice.