Abstract: Objective : To explore the correlation between pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) and biliary carcinoma, including gallbladder carcinoma and extrahepatic biliary duct carcinoma. Methodse : We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and cholangiopancreatographic results of 257 consecutive patients with obstructive jaundice (OJ) who underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) in our hospital from January 1999 to February 2007. The biliary and pancreatic ducts were visualized in 35 cases and these cases had complete pathological data obtained through percutaneous transhepatic cholangiobiopsy. We measured the length of common ducts and the confluence angle. Eventually, 31 cases were diagnosed as PBM. In order to evaluate the correlation between PBM and biliary carcinoma, we randomly drew 89 cases from the 226 OJ cases without PBM as the controls. Results : The biliary carcinoma incidence in cases with PBM was significantly higher than that in cases without PBM (P<0.05). The length of biliary ducts and the confluence angle had no significant influence on the incidence of biliary carcinoma (P>0.05). No correlation was found between PBM confluence types or angle and the differentiation of biliary carcinoma. Conclusion : PBM is closely related to biliary carcinogenesis.