Abstract: Objective : To observe the clinicopathologic features of the basaloid-squamous carcinoma(BSC) in the oesophagus and provide warrants for diagnosing and differentiating it from other tumors. Methods : Used HE, AB and PAS and SP immunohistochemiscal stains to study 17 cases of our own department, followed up all patients. Results : BSCs were composed of small cells similar to the basal cells of squamous epithelium, which consisted of four tissue patterns (solid nests, large lobules with comedonecrosis, cribriform pattern, ribbon-like arrangement of monotonous small round undifferentiated cells). There were varied proportions of four patterns in our 17 cases, 9 of which companied with well differentiated squanmous cell carcinoma(SCC), 1 case with adenocarcinoma, 2 cases with high atypical hyperplasitic epithelium, 1 case with two independent SCC. The tumor cells were negative for CgA, Syn, S-100, Actin, CEA, part cells reacted with AE1, AE3, CK34!E12, and cells positive for Ki67 ranged from 509 to 809. Im-munoreactivity for type IV collagen was observed among the basloid carcinoma cells inside the carcinomatous nest. Conclusion : BSC is a very rare but distinct subtype of squamous cell carcinoma. Since it has a charateristic histopathology, expression of immunoreactivity, obviously invasive behavior and poor prognosis,it should be distinguished from other malignant tumors.