Abstract: Objective : To investigate the operative principal, methods and clinical significance of advanced cancer in different parts of rectum. Methods : To Analysis clinical information of 96 patients with advanced rectal cancer. Results : 41 patients with cancer under peritoneal reflection were done total mesorectal excision (TME), 55 patients with cancer at or up peritoneal reflection were done wide mesorectal excision (WME). After operation, both of them have the similar therapeutic effectiveness.Low anterior resection (AR) was done in 75 patients and assisted abdomino -perineal resection (APR)done in 21 patients, the therapeutic effectiveness was not obvious difference between the two groups. 96 patients have been done high ligation of inferior mesenteric artery and abdominal aortic artery lymph node dissection (D₃) , transfer rate of inferior mesenteric artery lymph node (N₃) was 11.5%, the difference of therapeutic effectiveness between the N 3 transfer positive group and negative group were not obvious significance. Conclusion : Superior and middle rectal cancer can use W M E and inferior rectal cancer use TME. A R and APR have the same therapeutic effectiveness, Anus-retained operation must be predicated on the radical operation. Advanced rectal cancer patients should do D₃ lymph node dissection, part of middle-inferior patients should do side lymph node dissection.