Abstract: Objective: The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and its receptor, kinase insert domain containing receptor (KDR) and its significance in regulating tumor angiogenesis in early invasive carcinoma of cervix was investigated. Methods: Expression of VEGF, and KDR of cancer cells and microvessel density (MVD) in tumor stroma labeled by CD34 in 18 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN), 75 cases of early invasive carcinoma of cervix (ICC) and 15 cases of normal cervical epithelium (NCE) were detected by immunohistochemistry SP method. Results: In ICC, VEGF and KDR was mainly expressed in the cellular membrane and /or cytoplasm of tumor cells, whereas expression of CD34 was mainly in the vascular epithelial cells of tumor stroma. The positive rate of VEGF and KDR, and MVD increased remarkably from NCE to CIN, and then to ICC, accordingly (P<0.01). In the cases with positive expression of VEGF, and KDR in ICC, the MVD was significantly higher than that in the cases with negative expression of VEGF, and KDR, respectively (P<0.05). In ICC, the MVD was positively related to the expression of VEGF (r=0.60, P<0.01), and to KDR (r=0.33, P<0.01), respectively. The expression of KDR was also positively related to VEGF (r=0.56, P<0.01). In the cases with VEGF and KDR being both positively expressed, the MVD was remarkably higher than that in the cases with both negative expression of VEGF and KDR (P<0.01). Conclusions: Expression of VEGF and its receptor KDR may play an important role in up-regulating tumor angiogenesis in cervical carcinoma. Overexpression of both VEGF and KDR in ICC may result in rapid tumor angiogene-sis. Detection of co-expression of VEGF and KDR may be of value in further understanding tumor an-giogenesis and searching new target for anti-angiogenesis therapy in invasive carcinoma of cervix.