Abstract: Objective: To explore the experience in the diagnosis of localized mesothelioma of the pleura. Methods: The clinical data of the fifteen patients with localized mesothelioma of the pleura we restudied, including history of exposure to a sbestos, clinical manifestations, X ray of chest, as well as contrasting the results of the fifteen operative patients. Results: Eleven of the fifteen cases were showed localized benign fiberous pleura tumors post -surgery pathology, in which 1 case of localized benign pleura tumor had relapsed in the same site after three years of surgery,and it turned to malignancy. Two of fifteen cases had found some malignant cells in some areas. One of fifteen cases was found low-de-gree malignancy,and one of fifteen cases was malignancy in post-surgery pathology. Conclusion: Surgical intervention was the optimal.