Abstract: Objective: To improve the diagnosis and treatment of primary ureteral cancer. Methods: The clinical characteristic, diagnosis, treatment and prognisis of primary ureteral cancer were analysis with literature in 27 patients. Results: Gross hematuria was the main commom symptom, B-ultrasound was the first line diagnostic method, IUV、retrograde ureteropyelography N cystoscopy were the most important diagnostic method. 27cases were followed-up, 5 year survival rates was 42.2%. Conclutions: The prognosis of primary ureteral cancer was relevant to the grade and stage of tumor. It is the key to improve survival rates that early diagnosis、reasonable treatment.