Abstract: Objective : To investigate the relationship between the body mass index (BMI), the waist to hip ratio (WHR) and the biliary tract cancers. Methods : Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results : Obesity was associated with increased risk of gallbladder cancer across adulthood for being obese at ages 20～29 and 30～39 among females. Compared to the subjects with the lowest quartile of WHR, ORs for highest quartile and P for trend both reached significant level among males and females. Conclusion : Our observations in urban Shanghai suggest that obesity in early adult life, may contribute to the risk of gallbladder cancer. And increased WHR may substantially elevated risk of cancers of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct as well.