Abstract: Objective: To investigate the relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and lung cancer, observe the distribution of HPV-DNA in the tissue of lung cancer and to analyze the interrelationship among human papillomavirus, smoke, sex and the histological stage of lung cancer. Methods: Tissue of lung cancer was obtained by surgical resection or biopsy. The tissue specimens were detected by in situ hybridization techniques for human papillomavirus types 6B/11, 16, 18 and 31 using digoxingemin labelled DNA probe. The studies on the mechanisms involved in pulmonary carcinogenesis associated with HPV infection. Results: a, The positive sign was mainly located in the nuclei of the cells. The rate of 48.4% of squamous cell carcinomaoma, 27.4% of metaplasia and 5.6% of chronic inflammation tissue were positive for HPV-DNA by in situ hybridization (P<0.01); b, The positive rate of HPV in the central type group and peripheral typecontrol group was 50.6% and 4.4%, respectively (P<0.01). c. No significant difference in positive rate of HPV in smoke, sex and the histological stage of lung cancer were found in squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: The HPV-DNA is closely associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, especially in the central type lung cancer. The correlationship between the HPV-DNA and smoke, the sex and the histological stage of lung cancer were not found.