Abstract: Objective : To screen and identify the differential-expressed genes in recurrent human transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. Methods : The technique of DNA chip was used to detect the gene expression spectrum of primary TCC tissues and recurrent TCC tissues from 11 human transitional cell carcinoma, and then make a further confirmation by using semi-quantity RT-PCR. Results : In contrast to normal mucous membrane tissues of the bladder, there were 189 differencially expressed genes in which 102 genes were obviously up-regulated and 87 genes down-regulated in human TCC tissues. There were 15 genes being expressed in the opposite direction between primary and recurrent TCC tissues as identified by semi -quantitative RT-PCR. Conclusions : There are many genes differentially expressed between the TCC tissues and the normal mucous membrane tissues of the bladder. The 15 genes, whose expression are opposite in primary and recurrent TCC tissues, probably result in the recurrence of human TCC.