Abstract: Objective :To study the applicable value of the traditional Chinese medicine, in apoint of view of pharmacoeconomics, for enhancement of survivals of the patients with III一and IVstage non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to investigate the clinical effect of the three therapeuticre mens for advanced NSCLC. Methods :A total of 294 cases of III/IV stage NSCLC patients were randomized into 3 group in 6 clinical centers, i.e. the study group I (TCM only) treated with Chinese herbal decoction, the study group II (TCM+chemotherapy) with herbal decoction and chemotherapy fcisplatin- based regiment), the control group III (chemotherapy only). Data analyses was performed using SPSS for windows Ver10.0 Software. The cost and effectiveness were analyzed. This study was supported by the grant from Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (No.2001BA701A15b). Results :Among the regimens, the cost and effectiveness of (overal response rate)ORR was 4624.3, 1379.2 and 2034.7, respectively and that of OSD (overal stable disease) was 280.2,and 377.83. For the median survival time (MS it was 52.6, 101.8 and 121.8, respectively. The analysis of sensitivity has been reported as the results above. Conclusions :Therapy with TCM boasts the most rational both for costs and effectiveness in the treatment. In pharmacoeconomics CCM is a best choice for advanced NSCLC with the long- term therapeutic effect.