Abstract: Objective: To study the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of intravenous leiomyomatosis (ⅣL) of the uterus. Methods: The clinical and pathological data of 3 cases with ⅣL was studied, and related literatures were reviewed. Results: No ⅣL was diagnosed before total abdominal hysterectomy were performed in all 3 cases. In one case, wormlike tumor was found in the right uterine vein by accident, and it was easily removed during operation. In the other two cases, intravenous tumors were found only by the gross examination and confirmed to be benign smooth muscle tumor. Positive estrogen receptors were detected in two cases. After 8 to 32 month's follow-up, no recurrence was found. Conclusions: ⅣL is always overlooked, so it is quite important to pay more attention to preoperative examination and intraoperative exploration. The choice of the treatment for this disease is the total resection. A long-term follow-up is recommended since the disease demonstrates a tendency to recur.