Abstract: Objective: To explore the efficiency and safety of the treatment on lung cancer with atelectasis by recombinant adenoviral injection containing human p53 gene (rAd-p53). Methods: Through fibril bronchoscope, the adenoviral vector was injected into the tumour tissue of two patients with lung cancer and atelectasis, and the efficiency was observed and some of the related literatures were reviewed. Results: In one patient, the atelectasis was partly eliminated at the injection side after intratumor injection of rAd-p53, but the side where the injection was not done progressively enlarged. In the other one, 14 days after the injection, X-ray examination of the chest showed the lung reexpanded partly, and 37 days later, it recovered completely. The fever was detected in both of the two patients after the second injection, which could be relieved by oral administration of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Conclusions: Partial efficacy of lung cancer with atelectasis could attain by local injection of rAd-p53, with fever as its main adverse effect.