Abstract: Objective: To detect the expression and significance of p27 ^kip1 、 Skp2 in astrocytes pro-liferation and astrocytomas. Methods: Four tissue chips were constructed to contain 148 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples which include 12 cases of normal brain tissues, 49 cases of astro-cytes proliferation, 49 cases of low-grade astrocytomas and 50 cases of high- grade astrocytomas, 12cases of normal brain tissues were used as controls. Immunohistochemical markers, including p27 ^kip1 、Skp2 were used on the tissue array sections by immunohistochemical staining methods. Results: Thepositive rate of p27 ^kip1 was 91.7% in normal brain tissues, while that of Skp2 was 0; the positive rate ofexpression of p27 ^kip1 and Skp2 in astrocytes proliferation was 86.4% and 28.6% respectively, comparedto the control group. There was no significance about p27 ^kip1 while there was a significance about Skp2at 0.05 level, and the rate of expression in low-grade astrocytomas were 64.3%, 46.7% respectively,compared to the astrocytes proliferation group, the difference was significant at the 0.05 level aboutp27 ^kip1 while there was no statistical significance about Skp2; in high- grade astrocytomas were 42.6%,69.6% respectively, compared to the low-grade group, the difference was significant at the 0.05 level;the expression of p27 ^kip1 and Skp2 had close correlation to histological grade. Conclusion: p27 ^kip1 mightbe objective indexes to discriminate between astrocytes proliferation and low- grade astrocytomas, andp27 ^kip1 and Skp2 play an important role in the progression of astrocytomas.