Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the reliability and the clinical significance in cytological diag-nosis of the breast intraductal papillomatosis. Methods: Fifty-six cases with intraductal papillomatosis were examined with preoperative cytological diagnosis and histological comparison after operation. The histological sections and cytological smears of nipple discharge suffer smears and fine needle aspirates cytological (FNAC) specimens were reviewed and analyzed. Results: The diagnostic accuracy in cyto-logical of intraductal papillomatosis in the cases was 87.5% (49/56), and the misdiagnosis rate was12.5% (7/56), in which 4 cases were misdiagnosed as intraductal epithelia hyperplasia, 2 as fibro ade-noma and 1 as breast cancer. Conclusions: It is more reliable and clinically significant that nipple dis-charge suffer smears and FNAC specimens are combined used to diagnose intraductal papillomatosis,but it must be more careful to diagnose the multiplied and complicated cases, especially of the cases with breast tumor and nipple discharge suffer, it would be best to carry on histological examination.