Abstract: Objective :To investigate the effect of preoperative chemotherapy on resection rate ofadvanced NB. Methods :The data of 54 cases with advanced NB of stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ receiving preoper-ative chemotherapy, from Jan. 1999 to Dec. 2004, were retrospectively analyzed. Among the patients,20 were of stage Ⅲ, 34 were stage Ⅳ. Forty patients received alternative chemotherapy with the regi-men of CAV and EP and other 14 with the regimen of CYVADIC or of MAID. Results :The number oftotal courses was 318 and the average was 5.9 in the 54 cases. The effective rate of chemotherapy was83.3%. The resection rate was 74.1% (40/54), The cases of stage Ⅲ and of Stage IV amounted to85.0% (17/20) and 67.7% (23/34), respectively. The complete resection rate was 40.0% (16/40) and the1-year and 2-year survival rate was 74.1% and 42.6%, respectively. The major side effect was myelo-suppression. Conclusion :The preoperative chemotherapy can improve the resection rate of advancedNB and can prolong the overall survival.