Abstract: Objective: To investigate the post- chemotherapeutic change in glycoconjugates on the surface of human lung cancer cell membranes, in order to provide a new theoretical basis for further assessment of chemotherapeutic effect on lung cancer. Methods: A total of 60 patients with lung cancer were divided into two groups: group A with chemotherapy before surgery and group B without. Immuno-histochemical staining was used for detection of the binding affinities between the cancer cells in groups A and B and various glycoconjugates including Maclura pomifera agglutinin (MPA), Arachis hypogea agglutinin (PNA), Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Results: A fairly faint affinity to MPA was shown in the lung cancer cells in group A and group B. There is no significant difference between the two (P>0.05). There was a significant difference when comparing the affinities between the glycoconjugates, i.e. the PNA, RCA and WGA, and the lung cancer cells in the two groups (P<0.01). In group A, the affinity between the agglutinins, i.e. PNA, RCA and WGA,and the cancer cells was markedly weakened, which demonstrated that Galβ 1, 3GalNAc, Galβ ,GalNAc, euNAc (β 1,4Glc- NAc) _1,2 and β NeuNAc, the glycons on the surface of the cancer cells, decreased sharply or disappeared after chemotherapy. Conclusion: A drastic change in the presence of various glycoconjugates on the lung cancer cell surface after chemotherapy provides a method for assessing the chemotherapeutic effect.