Abstract: Objective: To investigate the constituent ratio and incidence of primary malignant bone tumors in a big amount of cases. Methods: Pathological survey and analysis of 5444 cases with primary malignant bone tumors were conducted. The basic data supplied in this study was mainly obtained during the period from 1960~2000. Results: Among the 5444 cases,the male:female ratio was 1.6:1. Patients between 11 and 31 years old amounted to 55.7% of the total cases,and patients with a diseased region in the long bone of the lower limb totaled 53.09%. The constitutional ratio of the cases,in order from highest prevalence to lowest prevalence,is as follows: osteosarcoma (43.66%),chondrosarcoma (20.52%),fibrosarcoma (6.02%),malignant lymphoma (5.62%),Ewing's sarcoma (5.40%),chordoma (5.36%),myeloma (5.03%),malignant fibrohistiocytoma (3.97%) and malignant giant cell tumor of bone (2.5%). Conclusion: Malignant primary bone tumors were more common in male patients,with a predilection for diagnosis between ages 11 and 30. The long bone of lower limbs was the most common site of the disease. Among the 5444 cases studied,osteosarcoma was the most prevalent subtype of malignant primary bone tumor. There were some differences in the number of cases and the constituent ratio when comparing data from China and North America.