Abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on advanced ovarian cancer. Methods: Data of 63 cases with advanced ovarian cancer, having received cytoreductive surgery, was retrospectively analyzed. Among the cases, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was perform in 24, with 1 to 3 cycles of cisplatin- based chemotherapy, whereas preoperative chemotherapy was not conducted in the others. Clinical effects and 5- year survival time of the two groups were compared.Results: The rate of gross excision and postoperative complication in the preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy group (group A) were 83.3% and 12.5 % , and in the group without preoperative chemotherapy (group B), the rate of gross excision and postoperative complication were 59.0 % and 35.9%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The 5- year survival time in the group A and B were 41.7% and 43.6% respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: The neoadjuvant chemotherapy can enhance the gross excision rate of advanced ovarian cancer and can decrease the incidence of postoperative complication, but it can not prolong the survival time of the patients.