Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of gemcitabine with carbo-platin in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: One hundred fifty-four pa-tients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were randomly divided two groups. Seventy-six casesin the experimental group were treated with Gemcitabine combined with carboplatin. This treatment was repeated once every three weeks. Seventy-eight cases in the control group were treated with VP- 16 combined with Cisplatin. This treatment was also repeated once every three weeks. Results: All patients completed the treatment schedule. The overall response rate (CR+PR) in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group: 47.4% vs. 25.6%(P<0.05). The main toxicities re-ported were well tolerated. Leukopenia and nausea/vomiting in grade Ⅲ+IV occurred more frequently in the control group than in the observation group(P<0.05), and there were no significant differences be-tween the two groups in the other acute toxicities reported (P>0.05). Conclusion: Gemcitabine com-bined with carboplatin showed a better therapeutic effect in the treatment of advanced non- small celllung cancer, and the adverse effects were mild and well- tolerated.