Abstract: Objective : To determine the value of postoperative adjuvant therapy for endometrial carcinoma in patients with positive peritoneal washing cytology. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with stage IQ A endometrial carcinoma who had positive peritoneal cytology were analyzed retrospectively. Results : The patients were divided into 3 groups as follows: 18 patients were in the high-risk group that included 14 patients with deep myometrial invasion and 4 patients with papillary serous carcinoma, 9 patients were in a low-risk group and received adjuvant therapy after surgery, and 10 patients were in a second low-risk group and received no treatment after surgery. Adjuvant therapy after surgery con-sisted of radiotherapy alone, chemotherapy alone or radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Recur-rence occurred in 5 of 37 patients (13.5%). Four of 27 patients (15.8%) who received adjuvant therapy and 1 of 10 patients (10%) with low-risk disease who received no adjuvant treatment had recurrence. The overall accumulated 5-year survival rate of the 37 patients was 71.5%. The accumulated 5-year survival rate in patients who received or did not receive adjuvant therapy was 68.1% and 73%, respec-tively. The 5-year survival rates of patients with low—risk disease who did and did not receive adjuvant therapy post-operatively were 74.3% and 73%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of patients with high-risk disease was 63.4%, which was lower than the 5-year survival rate of patients with low-risk disease regardless of whether or not they received postoperative adjuvant therapy. The 5-year survival rate of patients who received radiation alone or chemotherapy alone was 66.7% and 63.7%, respectively. The 5 -year survival rate of patients who received radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy was 75%, significantly higher than that found with radiation or chemotherapy alone. Conclusion : Postoperative adjuvant treatment for patients with low- to moderate-risk stage IIIA endometrial carcinoma with positive peritoneal cytology seems to have no effect on the prognosis.