Abstract: Objective :To investigate the status of HPV16 infection, the expression of p53 and MDM2 proteins and to explore the contribution of these factors to the development of cervical carcino-ma among Uigur women. Methods :HPV16 DNA was detected with semi-nested PCR in cervical tis-sues obtained from 79 patients with squamous cervical carcinoma and 40 control patients with normalcervical tissue. MDM2 and p53 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry with the samesample set. Results :1) HPV16 DNA was detected in 64 cervical carcinoma samples (81.0%) and 3 nor-mal tissues (7.5%). The positive rate of HPV16 was significantly higher in patients with cervical carci-noma than in the control group (χ² =58.328, P=0.000). 2) Expression of p53 protein was detected in 54squamous cervical carcinoma samples (68.4%) and its level was higher in those samples than in thecontrol group (5 positives, 12.5%, χ² =33.140, P=0.000). 3) The expression of MDM2 protein was ob-served in 31 squamous cervical carcinoma samples (39.2%) and its level was significantly higher thanthat found in the control group (4 positives, 10.0%, χ² =10.936, P=0.001). Conclusion :The associationbetween HPV infection and protein expression of p53 and MDM2 reveals that the interaction betweenthe three is important in the development of HPV-positive cervical carcinoma. With regard to the de-velopment of HPV-negative cervical carcinoma, MDM2 may play a role through a p53-dependent orp53-independent pathway. In addition, HPV, p53 and MDM2 may be independently associated with thecarcinogenesis of cervical carcinoma.