Abstract: The incidence rates of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer are the top five in China. Most patients have advanced-stage esophageal and gastric cancers, and their 5-year survival rates are low, which seriously threaten patient health. Early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal and gastric cancers can significantly reduce the mortality rate of patients and improve their survival. Endoscopy is not only the key to the early diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal precancerous lesions, but also can remove the lesions and achieve the goal of cure. With the advancement of early diagnosis and treatment, the number of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures performed is also increasing. However, there is a lack of effective monitoring, supervision, and objective evaluation, and the quality of endoscopic procedures is still not optimal. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) could help monitor the gastroscopic process in realtime, provide intelligent warnings to improve its quality, and promote the standardized operation of endoscopists. Here, we describe the application of artificial intelligence in quality control of gastroscopy and identify possible problems.