Abstract: Chronic neutrophilic leukemia(CNL) is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm. Colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) mutation has been confirmed as a biomarker of CNL. At present, there is no uniform standard for the treatment of CNL. The use of new therapeutic agents, such as ruxolitinib, has significantly improved the survival of patients. However, some patients still respond poorly to these agents. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is still the only possible curative therapy. Based on increasingly comprehensive gene expression profiling of CNL, many factors have been proven to be related to its prognosis. This article reviews the clinical and molecular cytogenetic variables that affect the prognosis of CNL patients to build a comprehensive prognostic schema and better guide the treatment of patients.