Abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is highly heterogeneous malignant tumor with a complex genetic background. Translocation, changes in copy number, and mutations are the main cytogenetic abnormalities of MM. The translocation of chromosomes 11 and 14 t(11;14) is the most common translocation change detected in patients with MM, which results in significant heterogeneity in their prognoses. Relevant evidence has shown that patients with multiple myelomas carrying t(11;14) have two prognosis subtypes. Furthermore, a strong correlation exists between t(11;14) and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) protein, a antiapoptotic protein in MM. Therefore, monotherapy or combined therapy with the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax is promising for treating relapsed and refractory MM patients with t(11;14). By summarizing the research progress on pathological mechanisms, treatment and prognosis of t(11;14)-positive MM, this study aims to provide evidence for delaying disease progression, improving survival rates, and suggesting future treatments for the specific subgroup of patients.