Abstract: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. The acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy and targeted drugs seriously affects the survival of NSCLC patients. The exact mechanism whereby NSCLC patients acquire drug resistance is complex and remains unclear. Tumor-derived or tumor-related exosomes play an important role in the mechanism underlying, and regulation of, acquired drug resistance in NSCLC cells and endow sensitive cells with drug resistance via the transmission of nucleic acids and proteins. This review mainly introduces the progress of research regarding the roles of secreted non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the acquired drug resistance of NSCLC cells in recent years.