Objective  To assess the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) after long-term chemotherapy and to analyze the relevant factors affecting their HRQL.

  Methods  From January 2013 to June 2019, we included 108 children with ALL, who were treated according to the Chinese Children Leukemia Group (CCLG)-ALL-2008 or Chinese Children Cancer Group (CCCG)-ALL-2015 protocols, followed-up in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University. Healthy children and siblings were enrolled as dual controls. The children with ALL were asked to answer a self-administered questionnaire, and the pediatric quality of life inventory generic core scales version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0 scales) was used to analyze the patients.

  Results  The quality of life scores of children with ALL were significantly lower than those of healthy children and their siblings (P<0.05). The patients’ personality type, family education style, age, time since the end of chemotherapy, and risk classification at the time of the diagnosis were associated factors.

  Conclusions  The quality of life of children with ALL was lower than that of healthy children due to clinical and sociological factors. Early screening and preventive measures should be implemented among vulnerable populations to improve the patients' quality of life.