Abstract: Malignant tumors are major diseases that seriously endanger the health of people in our country. Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment modalities for malignant tumors and plays an important role in multidisciplinary treatment. Evolution of radiotherapy techniques along with the continuous upgrade of treatment equipment has vastly improved radiotherapy efficacy in recent years. These advancements also provide new opportunities for fundamental research in the field of radiation oncology. This article reviews and analyzes the funding situation for the research projects from 2014 to 2023, supported by the oncology discipline of National Natural Science Foundation of China. The aim is to understand the current status, challenges, and future development pertaining to fundamental research in the field of radiation oncology in China and provide a reference for scientific research and discipline development planning for radiation oncology in the future.