Abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combination therapies have achieved great breakthroughs in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with negative driver genes; however, challenges persist owing to unmet clinical needs. Recent advances in fundamental and translational research on radioimmunotherapy offer hope for addressing these challenges. Adaptive immunotherapy radiotherapy (AIRT) is a promising treatment modality with potential applicability and universality that can provide accessibility and potentially superior clinical outcomes to most patients undergoing chemoimmunotherapy. However, extensive fundamental research and clinical trials in radiation oncology is required to substantiate the efficacy of this approach.