Abstract: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by tumor heterogeneity and diverse tumor microenvironment (TME), which make its research and treatment more difficult. Chemotherapy is an important TNBC treatment; however, predicting post-treatment efficacy and chemoresistance remain urgent clinical challenges, with changes in the TME being a major cause. Understanding the facilitating role of the TME is crucial to resolve the challenges. In this study, we assessed the findings of multi-omics studies to explore the research progress on the correlation between the TME and clinical efficacy and chemotherapy resistance of TNBC. We hope to provide a possible direction to improve clinical efficacy and overcome chemotherapy resistance in TNBC.