Abstract: Among patients newly diagnosed with cervical cancer, many are fertile, and many are unmarried. Preserving fertility while treating cancer is a challenge in young patients with cervical cancer. Traditional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy cause irreversible damage to the fertility of young patients. Therefore, accompanied by the rapid development of assisted reproductive technology, innovation and improvement of various fertility-preserving surgeries, and development and application of chemotherapeutic agents with low ovarian toxicity, fertility preservation has become the standard of care for patients with early stage cervical cancer. For most patients with cervical cancer who need to undergo radiotherapy, radiation-induced ovarian damage can be reduced or even avoided by accurate implementation of precise radiotherapy. However, the damage to the uterus, which is the target organ of radiotherapy, may be the key constraint to fertility preservation in patients with cervical cancer undergoing radiotherapy. This study provides a review of the research progress on preserving fertility in patients with cervical cancer, aiming to provide research ideas for improving the clinical management of fertility preservation in patients with cervical cancer who receive postoperative conservation or radical radiotherapy.