Abstract:
Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) have become the backbone of combinatorial treatment regimens for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The PIs-bortezomib, carfifilzomib, and ixazomib are all approved for treatment of MM. However, these drugs have shown a variety signs of cardiovascular toxicity, including heart failure, hypertension, arrhythmias, ischaemic heart disease, and thromboembolism, which increase patient risk associated with treatment, and negatively impact patient outcomes. Effective detection, monitoring, and management of PI-related cardiovascular toxicity are thus essential for improving clinical outcomes for patients with MM. This consensus proposes recommendations for the monitoring and management of cardiovascular toxicity related to PIs with the aim of standardizing their clinical application.