Abstract: Recent progress in the field of breast cancer research was reported at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting. Research on neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer represents the current main approach, such as finding different chemotherapeutic regimens to enhance efficacy and improve prognosis, developing treatment strategies for patients who do not achieve pathological complete response (non-pathologic complete response, non-pCR) after neoadjuvant therapy, and exploring predictive biomarkers or tools for efficacy and prognosis. In this article, we report related research progress in neoadjuvant therapy for different subtypes of breast cancer in ASCO 2024 to present the current overall landscape of neoadjuvant therapy and provide a reference for clinical decision-making.