Abstract: In recent years, increasingly diverse methods have been employed to prevent and treat radiation enteritis (RE). Improvements in radiotherapy techniques, optimization of radiation dose fractionation, and development and use of radioprotective agents have reduced the incidence of RE, and new treatment modalities, including hormones, mucosal protectants, endoscopic treatments, and surgical interventions, together with emerging therapies, including microbiome-based treatments, stem cell transplantation, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, have made significant progress. These new technologies and treatments exhibit potential efficacy at alleviating symptoms, protecting the intestinal barrier, promoting tissue repair, and restoring intestinal microbiota balance. Here, we review the latest research investigating treatment and prevention of RE, exploring the optimization of radiation therapy techniques, and developing strategies for prevention and treatment, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for more precise, comprehensive, and effective treatment options for RE.