Abstract: Glioma is a highly malignant and aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. In recent years, the biological significance of cellular communication mechanisms has been increasingly recognized. Intercellular signaling influences tumor growth, metastasis, and the formation and maintenance of the tumor microenvironment, as well as plays a critical role in the therapeutic resistance of gliomas. This review summarizes the research progress on cellular communication in gliomas, focusing on interactions between glioma cells and various stromal cell types, and their impact on glioma initiation, progression, and treatment. The latest research findings and their potential clinical applications are analyzed to provide theoretical support for precise and personalized treatment for patients with glioma.