Abstract: Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system that exhibits high morbidity and mortality rates in China. Multidisciplinary treatment regimens have improved patient survival, but the 5-year survival rate remains low. Challenges including posttreatment organ dysfunction, reduced quality of life, and high recurrence rates continue to impose a significant disease burden. Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of esophageal cancer at all stages. Built upon advances in radiotherapy techniques, development of new drugs, and emergence of novel monitoring methods, current therapeutic strategies and research are increasingly focused on refining patient subgroups to deliver individualized treatments with low-toxicity and high efficacy. In this article, we review advances in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer between 2023 to 2024, focusing on organ preservation strategies, progress in neoadjuvant and definitive therapies, treatment for recurrent or metastatic esophageal cancers, control of side effects during radiotherapy, and methods to predict the efficacy of radiotherapy.