Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies globally, with the highest incidence and mortality rates. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all lung cancer cases. In China, both the incidence and mortality of lung cancer rank first among all malignancies. Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are non-dependent abnormalities incidentally detected on chest computed tomography (CT) scans. Some NSCLC patients may present with concurrent ILA at diagnosis, and ILA may significantly impact survival outcomes and treatment-related complications in NSCLC patients. However, the relationship between ILA and NSCLC remains under investigation. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies with multimodal data to develop novel and efficient comprehensive assessment models for ILA represents a promising research frontier. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the correlation between ILA and NSCLC, the prognostic implications of ILA in NSCLC patients, and the current advancements in AI-based technologies for ILA evaluation. The findings may offer valuable insights to guide future research directions on ILA in China.