Abstract: Over the course of its evolution, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)-based oncology has continuously accumulated evidence. Currently, this field is confronted with three major bottlenecks: fragmented experience, unclear mechanisms, and a lack of standards. These shortcomings make it challenging to quantify the clinical advantages of TCM, thereby reducing its international recognition. Hence, urgent breakthroughs in these areas are required. Guided by the dual impetus of upholding tradition and pursuing innovation, we systematically explore the common therapeutic principles and academic concepts among renowned senior TCM practitioners. We also discuss basic research on the compatibility of single herbs, compound prescriptions, and molecules, and elaborate on ideas for constructing a "syndrome-target-pathway" multi-dimensional framework. Moreover, we propose three key work priorities that require quantitative indicators: talent cultivation, evidence-based research, and the formulation of international standards. Our aim is to provide theoretical coordinates and research paradigms for the development of an integrated TCM oncology program that is inheritable, evidence-based, and internationally registrable, thus promoting the modernization of TCM oncology.