Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in China, with surgical resection remaining the cornerstone of curative treatment. However, the role of adjuvant therapy after curative hepatectomy is contentious due to inconsistent results in clinical studies. This review aims to synthesize the findings of representative clinical trials on adjuvant therapy after resection for HCC conducted in recent years, to critically evaluate their strengths and limitations, and to provide insights that may inform the design of future investigations in this field.