Abstract: Based on the literature, this paper briefly analyzes the changes in the main characteristics of the causes of death of individuals with common malignant tumors in China over the last 50 years. In addition, the main characteristics of the incidence and death of patients with malignant tumors worldwide were assessed. A comparative analysis of national data from 1973-1975 and 2022 revealed that the global standardized mortality rate for malignant tumors decreased by 3.1% in 2022. Among these malignancies, the standardized mortality rates of six types of cancers (esophageal, cervical, gastric, nasopharyngeal, liver, and leukemia) decreased by 8.5% to 71.4%. Conversely, the mortality rates of four types of cancers (lung, colorectal, breast, and brain) increased by 55.9% to 205.0%. The current average cancer mortality rate of China remains higher than the global average, with previously lower rates for breast and prostate cancers showing an upward trend. These findings indicate that the cancer prevention and control efforts in China should be improved and preventive measures should be comprehensively advanced.