Abstract: Objective: To analyze disease burden trends of lung cancer in Chinese women from 1990 to 2021. Methods: The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and the age-period-cohort (APC) model were used to assess the effects of age, period, and cohort, as well as the trend in burden. The Bayesian APC model was employed to predict the future burden trend. Results: From 1990 to 2021, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standard-ized death rate (ASDR) increased, while age-standardized disability-adjusted life years remained stable. Peak incidence occurred in females aged 70–74 years. In 2021, the primary risk factors included smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, and second-hand smoke. Prevalence rates fluctuated with age. Future projections indicate rising lung cancer burden among Chinese females. Conclusions: Lung cancer burden among Chinese women increased from 1990 to 2021. Prioritizing prevention and control of smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, and other key risk factors is essential to reduce disease burden.