Abstract: Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a Fludarabine and Epirubicin (FE) regimen in the treatment of refractory or relapsed indolent non-Hodgkin ’s lymphoma (NHL). Methods:A total of79patients with histopathologically verified relapsed or refractory indolent NHL were randomly assigned to be treated with FE regimen (Fludarabine 25mg/m2×3, d1～d3; Epirubicin 60mg/m2, d1, one cycle for 28days) or FMD regimen (Fludarabine 25mg/m2× 3, d1～d3; Noventrone 10mg/m2, d1; Dexamethasone 20mg/d, d1～d5). All patients received treatment for about 2 cycles.Results: The response rate, clinical benefit response, median progression-free survival and 2-year survival rates in the two groups were64.1% vs. 57.5%,79.5% vs.75%,21months vs. 20months, and 71.8% vs.60%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall response rate or the 2-year overall survival rate between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). The main side ef -fects were leucopenia and infection. The incidence of Ⅲ～Ⅳmyelosuppression was15.4% vs. 29% in the FE and FMD groups; symptoms of infection occurred in 5.1% vs.22.5% of the FE and FMD groups, respectively. The incidence ofⅢ～Ⅳleucopenia and pneumonia in the FE group was slightly lower than in the FMD group, and the difference had statistical significance ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The efficacy of the FE regimen was as good as that of the FMD regimen, but the FE group had a lower incidence of Ⅲ～Ⅳleucopenia and pneumonia than the FMD group. Thus the FE regimen is a promis -ing and effective second-line salvage regimen for the treatment of relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin ’s lympho-ma, worthy of wider use.